September 23, 2013

Speaking in Lisbon on October 5

My friend Pedro Bastos graciously invited me to speak at a conference he organized in Lisbon on October 5 titled "Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases".  I will give two talks:

  • "Ancestral Health: What is Our Human Potential?"  This talk will explore the health of non-industrial cultures in an effort to understand how much of our modern chronic disease burden is preventable, and it will briefly touch on one major aspect of non-industrial life that may protect against the "diseases of civilization".  This presentation will focus on age-adjusted data from high quality studies.  
  • "Why Do We Overeat: a Neurobiological Perspective."  This talk will attempt to explain why most of us consume more calories than we need to maintain weight-- a phenomenon that is a central cause of morbidity and mortality in the modern world.  It will touch on some of the brain mechanisms involved in ingestive behavior, and outline a framework to explain why these mechanisms are often maladaptive in today's environment.
Pedro will speak about dairy consumption, vitamin D, and chronic disease.  

The conference is targeted to health professionals and students of nutrition, however it's open to anyone who is interested in these topics.  It's sponsored by NutriScience, a Portuguese nutrition education and consulting company.  Sadly, I don't speak Portuguese, so my talks will be in English.  

Access the full program, and register for the conference, using the links below:

September 12, 2013

Suitable Lemon Tea and Water Toxins Powerful Laxative

The beginning of a new year is a moment to fix perlaku impacting into the future . Repair including food and beverage consumption .Bad habits often consume alcoholic beverages , caffeine , soda , and fatty foods , as well as instantaneous is not good for health . However, these habits can be replaced with a more healthy drinks . Even beverages can be used as a detox or eliminate toxins .Nutritionist Go Coco , Ross Currie , giving five drinks that can be used for detox and easily found all around us ." Keep the fluid level in the body is essential to help the body break away from toxins and stay hydrated , which helps brain function and helps to keep skin healthy , " Currie said , as quoted by Female First Tribunnews.com .

Five detox drinks which can be used are:

 1 .Tea. Green tea , peppermint , and ginger is the type that can be used as a detox . Because the tea has natural antioxidants that keep the body from free radicals , pollutants and aging . Green tea or green tea can increase metabolism , ginger tea and peppermint tea good for digestion and increase the absorption of food .

2 . Coconut water. Coconut water contains natural isotonic electrolyte funds . Thus the young coconut water is a great choice for rehydration . It is also packed with vitamins and minerals , which has twice the potassium content of bananas . So as to provide a natural energy , has low calories , and plays an important role in regulating heartbeat , insulin levels , and muscle development .


3 . Pineapple juice. Fresh pineapple juice or pineapple juice half after cooked contain many vitamins and enzymes that offer health benefits during detox . Because the content of bromelain from pineapple is a natural anti- inflammatory that can promote healthy digestion , helps the body break down protein , and thiamine ( vitamin B group ) that increase metabolism by converting carbohydrates into energy .


4 . Lemon water. Lemon is a source of citric acid , calcium , potassium , magnesium , and phosphorus . Drinking fresh lemon juice with water ( hot or cold ) will help detox that we do . In addition , freshly squeezed lemon water can help smooth digestion , stimulate the liver , and cleanse the blood stream . Currie advised to start the activity , we can take a cup of lemon juice and lemon water in the morning .


5 . Carrot juice. Fresh carrot juice contains vitamins A and C , low in calories , as well as a great carotene as an antioxidant . In addition , drinking carrot juice is a diuretic and can help reduce water retention .

Also Green Tea Can Be Hazardous to Body

Green tea has been associated with several health benefits , such as weight loss , healthy skin and remove toxins from the body . However, when consumed in excess , green tea can actually harm the body .
Green tea can cause constipation or diarrhea , vomiting , dizziness and even headache . Green tea has caffeine which can also cause sleeplessness , as reported Boldsky , Thursday ( 31/5/2012 ) .
So , if you want to lose weight by drinking green tea , follow the usage in a healthy way .
How and when to drink green tea ?
1 . Fresh green teaGreen tea is freshly prepared healthy and good for the body . You can eat them hot or cold but it sure is not stored for more than an hour .
If you store the tea for a long time , there will be loss of vitamins and antioxidants . Also , the reduced antibacterial properties over time . In fact , from the bacteria begin to emerge if left too long . So , make a fresh green tea can avoid the side effects on the body .
2 . Take 1 hour before mealsPeople who are dieting should prepare green tea before eating . This is because green tea is beneficial for weight loss and appetite control for a long time .
The ideal time to consume green tea is one hour before or after meals . So , if it is taken 1 hour before meals , tea can control hunger . Avoid drinking green tea in the morning , especially on an empty stomach .
3 . Do not drink green tea along with medicationsTo avoid the side effects of medicines and green tea , never eat simultaneously. The best way to consume drugs is with water or appropriate appointment prescribed by the doctor .
4 . Do not be too PKATHighly concentrated green tea has caffeine and polyphenols or stronger . The ingredients in green tea have side effects on the body . Strong green tea or concentrated can cause indigestion , insomnia and palpitations .
5 . Never more than three cupsAs mentioned earlier , excessive consumption of any side effects . Similarly , consuming more than 2-3 cups of green tea can harm your body . Because it contains caffeine , limit your intake of a maximum of 3 cups per day .

Efficacy Green Tea: Exterminator Toxins in Our Bodies

Air pollution, dust, cigarette smoke, sun exposure certainly can not avoid our lives. Will greatly affect health every day. Eat and drink we consume carelessly too long will cause pain, ranging from skin diseases, hair cracked, shortness of breath, weakness, cholesterol, heart attack, etc..

Healthy lifestyle will certainly help reduce the illnesses. The most important thing is to drink a cup of green tea every day. Benefits of Green Tea very much. of which can eliminate toxins in the body and improve the body's organs.

Tea has a high dissolving function. When we drink it every day, will produce optimal effects. When we drink it and enter in the stomach and processed by the stomach, then the substances in green tea will come out. These substances one can dissolve the dirt sticks to the lining of blood vessels. The workings of this substance is to grind and push the impurities in the body to be issued. Starting from perspiration, urine and bowel movements.

With this blood vessels cleaned of dirt-dirt, making the blood flow to work smoothly. Previously clogged arteries by bad fats will avoid cholesterol and coronary heart disease. Kidney that had many dirt-dirt will also be free of kidney stones. Effects of caffeine will make the brain work more quietly.

September 10, 2013

Benefits of Green Tea To Eliminate Acne and Acne Scars

Green tea is clinically proven to cure various diseases. In fact, people often include the ancient Chinese green tea leaves in the medicinal herb. Green tea is often used to shed fat in the body, making the body fragrant aroma, improve mood, and as an antioxidant. Not only that, green tea is also proven to eliminate acne and its scars. Wow .. amazing is not it the benefits of green tea leaves?

Health experts say that green tea extract containing epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), an antioxidant 200 times more powerful than vitamin E. It helps the body defend itself against free radicals and detoxify the toxins that harm cells and tissues. In addition, green tea has been shown to be effective in combating Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of staph infections are also a cause of acne.

Green tea is also efficacious in reducing the activity of the hormone, which means that green tea can help in controlling acne and reducing inflammation and redness of the skin. Green tea also can control oil production that contributes to the process of clogging the pores of the skin which is also one of the causes of acne. Internal consumption and the intended application area with green tea can help remove scars and reduce the severity of acne scar.


Some way utilize green tea

Green tea to Eliminate Acne
Today, green tea has been processed in such a manner in a variety of forms . Some are processed into powder drink makers lived , tea bags , body lotion , beauty soap , masks , scrubs , and pill supplements . You who have acne skin problems is encouraged to multiply consuming green tea and using products made ​​from green tea .
Each person would have a way of their own choice and in applying green tea . There who prefer instant way to consume green tea that has been packed into a pill ready to drink . There is also a more traditional choose a more natural way . For choosing the traditional way , here are some ways to use green tea leaves that you can do at home to treat your acne .

Green tea . Green tea appeared to have its own way . So that does not diminish the effectiveness of the tea leaves , it is recommended to brew with lukewarm water only. Hot water or boiling water it will reduce the quality of the substances contained in it . Brewing tea is recommended at least 10 minutes for leaf tea polyphenols expend more leverage .
Drink 2-3 cups of green tea every day . Drinking 2-3 cups of green tea a day is the recommended way to get maximum results . The University of Maryland Medical Center says that consuming two to three cups of green tea a day will make your body get 320 mg of polyphenols . But , some people show a negative reaction when consuming green tea in a certain amount , such as diarrhea and nausea . For people like that , a dose of green tea consumption could be reduced to one cup a day ( 100 mg of polyphenols ) .
As toner . Another way to do is to apply the green tea directly on the skin , by using it as a toner . The trick , wet cotton or a small towel with water leaf green tea that has been brewed . Then rub the cotton or a small towel on the face that has been cleared . You can also include green tea water into a spray bottle / spray , then spray your face with water whenever you feel your skin is dry and not fresh .
As a mask . You can use water steeping green tea combined with egg whites as an ingredient for facial masks . Way, take quite a mix of green tea a few drops of water into the beaten egg whites . Apply evenly on skin. Result the skin becomes taut and reduced acne blemishes .
Well what are you waiting , apparently of natural ingredients such as green tea has a good ability to heal acne blemishes and removes acne scars . While leisurely drinking tea , while you can also feel the benefits .
Good luck !

September 09, 2013

The Passion of the Health Care Fixer

The first President to take a shot at fixing health care was a Bull Moose trying to become President one more time. Unfortunately Teddy Roosevelt failed to win those elections and instead of providing “protection of home life against the hazards of sickness, irregular employment and old age through the adoption of a system of social insurance”, America took the low road leading to the Great Depression. Fixing health care was on the minds of all subsequent occupants of the White House, from FDR to Barack Obama, to varying degrees, but as America’s circumstances and character evolved over many decades, so did the understanding of why and how health care should be fixed.

For Franklin D. Roosevelt[t]he right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health” were part of a second Bill of Rights to provide security at home for all Americans. It was a lofty attempt to “assure us equality in the pursuit of happiness".  FDR failed to implement his progressive fix for health care, and Harry Truman although even more passionate than his predecessor, achieved little in his own health care fixing attempts. It fell to Lyndon B. Johnson, a southern democrat, to create Medicare and Medicaid, taking the first step towards Truman’s vision of a “national system of payment for medical care”. Although much tinkering and heated rhetoric followed, the second step was never taken. Until now.

As our President expanded Medicaid to include a larger fraction of the growing masses of poor people, and created federal subsidies for unofficially poor people to purchase the now mandatory health insurance, an army of experts at everything from Toyota manufacturing systems to silicon chips design are professing their passion for fixing health care. But the passion of today’s health care fixers is different. When Harry Truman spoke of health care, he spoke of those who “suffer needlessly from the lack of proper medical care”. And FDR spoke of the dangers of being content when “some fraction of our people—whether it be one-third or one-fifth or one-tenth- is ill-fed, ill-clothed, ill housed, and insecure”.  John F. Kennedy spoke of “working men and women” subjected to the indignity of “being forced to beg for help from public charity once they are old and ill”.

Today, we speak of the imperative to cut health care expenditures and the need to balance budgets and reduce deficits. Our sympathies are with employers who are contributing too much towards workers’ health care, and we argue that freeloaders must be prevented from getting health care at our expense, and that the poor must be diverted from seeking care at expensive medical venues. The passion of contemporary health care fixers is not about human pain and suffering. It’s not about humiliation and social injustice. It’s not about preserving freedom and democracy or pursuing happiness. It’s not about the people at all. It’s about money.
It was a late evening sports injury resulting in a swollen ankle in fifty shades of purple. After nipping the ER idea in the bud, and dutifully waiting until the next morning, I made a same-day appointment with a reputable orthopedic practice and a doctor we never met before. There was no waiting and the sweet and friendly nurse breezed through all the meaningful use nonsense, which was not pertinent to this visit in any way, and then she and her laptop left the room. The doctor walked in thirty seconds later, with no laptop, no chart and nothing else in his hands. Soft spoken and businesslike, he examined the ankle, ordered the obligatory x-rays, walked out and several minutes later walked back in telling us that nothing is broken, but we’ll be getting a boot to help the healing process, and then walked out again. Exactly what I expected from a specialty visit. But then something strange happened. The nurse could not find a proper Ace bandage and while she was fumbling in the hallway, the doctor walked back in, pulled a little package from some drawer, sat down on the low stool and slowly and methodically bandaged the swollen ankle, making small talk about bandages always being the wrong size. So here was this distinguished orthopedic surgeon, specializing in knee and hip replacements, wrapping an elastic bandage around a little girl’s mildly sprained ankle. He was definitely not practicing at the top of his license, and neither was his nurse, and during those 30 seconds of pure waste, the aloof stranger became my daughter’s doctor. She would keep the boot on although it looked yucky, and she would make an effort to put weight on that foot, and she’ll come back in two weeks to see him, and the doc was smiling faintly as he was leaning against the door before we left.
If FDR had his way, fixing health care would extend the best health care in the world to all people “regardless of station, race, or creed”. If we have our way, and we will, this type of health care will cease to exist for most Americans, because there is no ROI for highly trained surgeons to tend to children’s falls and bruises, unless of course the child happens to live in the ruler’s palace, or Bel-Air, or Alpine NJ. Fixing health care today means learning from India or Nepal, or any random third world country mired in corruption or despotism. Fixing health care means spread of innovation where people who can barely afford breakfast dispense medical advice from mobile vans parked on street corners to those who are immobile in many ways, while calculating the exact dollar amounts of savings realized by such bold innovation. And fixing health care means cool technology.

Technology of the type recommended to fix health care is manufactured for pennies a day, by children existing in those countries we are supposed to learn from; children who were not lucky enough to be born in the greatest country in the world. Harnessing the wonders of technology to fix health care means giving all poor people a shiny blue button to click on, so they can see how well the mobile van driver cared for them, and perhaps share the information with the next mobile van that will be tending to their needs. I can’t begin to tell you how distraught my daughter was when realizing, that unlike the 60,000 former soldiers residing on park benches across the country, she had no blue button to click on. There were no open-notes for us to peruse the next day, and neither the doctor nor his team of people searching for Ace bandages, made any attempts at partnering with us, and we were not empowered to choose wisely. Nobody suggested that the follow up visit be with some “other care giver”, or be conducted electronically from the comfort of our home. I guess, my daughter’s orthopedic surgeon is not a passionate health care fixer, so he forgot to flip his clinic.

But more than anything else, today’s highly educated health care fixers are passionate about knowledge, because you cannot cut costs of things you don’t know about. Imagine how much more effective caring for a sprained ankle could be if I only knew exactly what the surgeon got paid for all the knee and hip replacements he performed last year, not to mention the ability to have a list of every prescription he wrote, every test he ordered and every pharmaceutical bagel he ate since the sun began shining. They used to say that knowledge is power, but in our fixed health care, knowledge is also money, and lots of it. As Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington and the Lord Chancellor of Great Britain observed in 1762, and as Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the President of the United States of America reiterated in 1945, “[n]ecessitous men are not free men". Since both “necessitous” and “free” are now relative terms, thus open to personal interpretation, perhaps it is unfair to criticize the abundantly necessitous passion of health care fixers yearning to be free. I therefore preemptively apologize.

What is the safe limit of drinking green tea?

Although often mentioned green tea has many health benefits, still, any excess is not good. So in fact, what the safe limit is a drink?

"One or two cups is enough," said Dr. Zuo Feng Zhang of UCLA, was quoted as saying FitSugar.

Meanwhile, experts from the University of Maryland Medical Center also suggest that two to three cups of green tea are powerful provide health benefits to the body.

However, drinking up to five cups of green tea a day has also been proven to reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Even if you want to lose weight, a study says that green tea can be taken up to seven cups a day.

Some other medical experts to convey that 10 cups of green tea is the limit that can be taken daily. But if someone is sensitive to caffeine and suffer from insomnia, this amount could be considered too much.

Green tea itself has benefits such as maximizing metabolism, prevent fever, to ward off certain types of cancer.

Unfortunately, green tea also have a negative impact if taken in excess, for example, lowers the body's ability to absorb folic acid - essential vitamin that prevents birth defects. So pregnant women or women who want to have children should be more careful when consuming green tea.

That is the safe limit of drinking green tea every day. Usually enjoy your own how many cups of green tea a day?

Prevent cavities diligently drinking black tea

Already many benefits of tea are proven in research. Now one more benefit of drinking black tea, which prevents cavities.

According to investigators, diligent drinking three cups of black tea a day is able to nourish the tooth, including the prevention of tooth decay and gum disease is bleeding.

"Black tea is drunk to fight bacteria and Lactobacillus Streptococcus mutants, both associated with tooth decay and gum disease," explained Dr Carrie Ruxton, as quoted by the Daily Mail.

Basically, when bacteria in the mouth react with carbohydrates, then there will be the acid melt tooth enamel. Teeth more vulnerable to cavities so till date.

While the process can be prevented by diligent drinking black tea or green tea. Tea should also be taken three to four cups a day.

Own tea contains antioxidants called flavonoids and catechins which are anti-microbial agent. Some research has also been proven that green tea can aid in weight loss by burning fat optimally.

The results then reported in the British Nutrition Foundation's Nutrition Bulletin.

Drinking tea, delicious ways lower blood sugar

There have been many studies that mention the healthy benefits of drinking tea. One is the excess tea in lowering blood sugar levels.

Recently re-Agricultural Research Service research on the efficacy of tea. According to researchers, regular tea drinking can increase insulin activity more than 15 times in laboratory mice.

In fact any type of tea consumed - green tea, black tea, or oolong tea - has a similar effect to the body.

"Green tea and oolong tea contains EGCG, while black tea has tannins, theaflavins and EGCG also. All play a role in increasing the activity of insulin and control blood sugar levels," said the researcher, as quoted from the Mother Nature Network.

Another study from the Human Nutrition Research Center also found similar results. They even engage in type 2 diabetes patients in the study.

For eight weeks, to be exact diabetics are asked to consume six cups of tea a day. As a result, their sugar levels fall by 15-20 percent. Type of tea consumed is black tea and green tea.

September 04, 2013

Alternative Health Information Technology

Say you are a pediatrician in an average middle class lily white suburb and most of your little patients are either sitting stiffly in the pews next to you or are elevating your spirits with angelic voices clad in white robes on a blessed Sunday morning. Say little Johnny trips on his way down the altar and ends up taking a ride to the ER to have his forehead stitched. Does the ER doc need to know that the 13 year old altar boy is not a smoker? Does he need to know that Grandpa Joe died from prostate cancer, but other than that the family history is unremarkable? Does the nurse washing Johnny’s forehead need to be informed that the boy has a history of ear infections and had tubes put in when he was 3 years old? Not a fair example, right? Let’s cross the 8 Mile road and look at another Johnny who shows up at the other ER at 2 am with two gunshot wounds to the chest. Does anybody on his care team gives a damn about Mom suffering from depression and diabetes, or the fact that Johnny is a current smoker of tobacco products and has been counseled on cessation? Yes, I know, sometimes these things are pertinent, and sometimes even more details are needed, but not always, and not always the same details. Unfortunately, we are busy building a one-size-fits-all-circumstances infrastructure, which is destined to be too big for most, too small for some and ill-fitting for all but a random handful.

Leaving aside the troubled business side of medicine, electronic medical records are supposed to ease and simplify the capture, analysis and sharing of clinical information, by utilizing computer software tools. Computers have eased and simplified the capture, analysis and sharing of financial information, supply chain information, manufacturing information, transportation information, and every other type of industrial information you can think of, so why not medical information? Before you go pointing out that clinical information is highly variable and so very unique to the individual, please consider that computers have simplified and eased capture, analysis and sharing of personal information of all sorts from chatting and accessorizing outfits, to making friends and asking a pretty girl out on a date. Surely, nothing is more unique and personal than finding your soul mate. Not even health care.

If a physician practicing medicine in the U.S. today desires to ease and simplify the capture, analysis and sharing of clinical information, he or she can choose from a large assortment of computer software tools, better known as EHRs, all carefully examined and certified by government sanctioned entities to be capable of easing and simplifying these tasks, and as Pete Seeger might have said, “there's a green one and a pink one and a blue one and a yellow one, and they're all made out of ticky tacky and they all look just the same”. To the dismay of regulatory and certifying authorities, most physicians who are willy nilly adopting these tools, under threat of financial fines and penalties, continue to grumble that the capture, analysis and sharing of clinical information is neither eased nor simplified by EHRs, and quite the opposite is true.

This strange situation can be, and often is, dismissed as due to physicians being technophobes or just unwilling to do their share in promoting beneficial health reforms. To support these specious arguments, the regulators are constantly parading a handful of doctors who found happiness and efficiency in their EHRs. Unexplainable? Not really. There are always a few lucky folks for whom one-size tee shirts fit as perfectly as if the rag was tailored just for them, while the rest of us have to tuck it in, tie it in the back, cut it off, or pull at the sides to make it stretch, and in all cases it ends up looking like someone else’s garment. A quick look at what is driving health care costs up reveals that physicians as a group are cheerfully adopting things like magnetic resonance, computed tomography, image guided radiation, proton beam therapy, laser surgery, robotic this or that, and a host of other high tech tools that would terrify the average technophobe into crawling under the first available rock. So why is health information technology so different? Or is it?
  • epocrates, the drug reference software boasts 50% of physicians in the U.S. as its users. epocrates has been steadily growing since 1998 and is practically a household name when it comes to medications advice. It is available on iPhones, iPads and mobile Android devices and it has expanded far beyond just lists of indications and contraindications for prescription drugs.
  • UpToDate needs no introduction either. The widely used electronic clinical decision support system has been in existence for over 20 years and you would be hard pressed to find an academic institution that is not subscribing to its content and tools, both in the U.S. and the rest of the world. Like epocrates, UpToDate is available on the web and on all fashionable mobile devices.
  • Doximity is a relatively new kid on the block, and a very interesting one to boot. Only 3 years old and already claiming to have “crossed the 200,000 member milestone”. Doximity is a communications platform for physicians allowing members to securely exchange messages, including clinical information, and make referrals or obtain ad-hoc consultations from colleagues. Sort of like a social network on steroids, and of course it is available on mobile phones and tablets too.
epocrates never bothered to obtain Meaningful Use certification for its main product, because what it does and what clinicians find useful is not a certifiable activity. It did however certify its feeble attempt at creating yet another ticky tacky EMR, and then proceeded to quickly dump the resulting stillborn. UpToDate obtained certification only for its peripheral patient education module, and Doximity is nowhere around the target zone of what the government decrees as meaningful use of technology. While both epocrates and UpToDate had ample time to solidify their user base before the advent of Meaningful Use, Doximity experienced its meteoric rise in spite of Meaningful Use and that should give us some hope that any day now, a couple of MIT grads in some basement may launch Patximity and make information sharing between doctors and patients as simple and as easy as apple pie. We can imagine that somewhere far from the limelight a doctor laboring in solitude will come up with the simple and easy to use Charximity to effortlessly capture thought processes at the point of care. And then someone will come up with something better or different or faster or smarter or cheaper…

Sadly, this crescendo of innovation is very unlikely though, because unless the new software is a clone of some primordial EMR, or parts thereof, and unless it conforms to government devised ways of doing things, most prospective customers will be forced to choose between a new and unknown product and the piles of cash thrown at them by regulators. If say, our imaginary Charximity developers come up with a quick and elegant way to record a dynamically defined set of information, and package it in a small, nimble and universal format that lends itself to being securely moved around the private networks of the fabled Patximity and real Doximity, in a most expedient way, chances are great that this cool innovation will fail to thrive because it can’t inform regulators on Johnny’s smoking status or Grandpa Joe’s prostate trouble, in an exhaustive XML format passed around through interminable chains of certified intermediaries on the federally secured national health information network. The good news is that one day checkboxes and dropdown lists will only exist at the Smithsonian, and good technology will prevail in the end. The bad news is that the end is being pushed further and further away with each additional Meaningful Use stage.

September 02, 2013

Is Refined Carbohydrate Addictive?

[Note: in previous versions, I mixed up "LGI" and "HGI" terms in a couple of spots.  These are now corrected.  Thanks to readers for pointing them out.]

Recently, a new study was published that triggered an avalanche of media reports suggesting that refined carbohydrate may be addictive:

Refined Carbs May Trigger Food Addiction
Refined Carbs May Trigger Food Addictions
Can You be Addicted to Carbs?
etc.

This makes for attention-grabbing headlines, but in fact the study had virtually nothing to do with food addiction.  The study made no attempt to measure addictive behavior related to refined carbohydrate or any other food, nor did it aim to do so.

So what did the study actually find, why is it being extrapolated to food addiction, and is this a reasonable extrapolation?  Answering these questions dredges up a number of interesting scientific points, some of which undermine popular notions of what determines eating behavior.

Read more »